Chernozem field in Black Dirt Region of Orange County, NY, USA

Chernozem (Ukrainian: Чорнозем, Russian: чернозём, black soil), also known as "black land"or "black earth", is a black-coloured soil containing a very high percentage of humus[2] — 3% to 15%, and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia. Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural yield.

There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Northeast Ukraine across the Black Earth Region and Southern Russia into Siberia, and in the Canadian Prairies. Similar soil types occur in Texas. It has a large depth, often more than 40 inches (1 m) and up to 250 inches (6 metres) in Ukraine. The terrain can also be found in small quantities elsewhere (for example, on 1% of Polish territory). It also exists in Northeast China, near Harbin.

Chernozemic soils are a soil type in the Canadian system of soil classification and the United Nations' FAO soil classification.
Chernozemic soil type equivalents, in Canadian, FAO, and USA soil taxonomy. Source: Pedosphere.com